Thermal convection is the process by which heat is transferred through a fluid (such as air or water) by the movement of the fluid itself. This movement is driven by temperature differences within the fluid, which causes hot fluid to rise and cold fluid to sink. This process plays a crucial role in a wide range of natural phenomena, such as weather patterns, ocean currents, and the movement of magma within the Earth's interior. Researchers study thermal convection to better understand how heat is transported through fluids and how it impacts the environment and various processes on Earth. Additionally, thermal convection is also of interest in engineering and materials science, as it influences the performance and design of various systems and materials.